Armenia returns four villages to Azerbaijan, paving the way for peace in the South Caucasus Landmark accord

The recent deal between Baku and Yerevan, resulting in the return of four Azerbaijani villages in the western Gazakh District without international intermediaries, signals a major step towards peace and stability in the South Caucasus region. This achievement, gained peacefully and without external guarantors, underscores the potential for bilateral dialog to resolve the longstanding conflict.

The decision to commence the demarcation and delimitation process from the western border segment signifies a mutual commitment to resolving outstanding problems diplomatically. It also reflects a departure from reliance on external mediation, with both parties demonstrating a willingness to engage directly in the peace process as well as Armenia’s readiness to give back what it still retains under control, and eagerness to avoid further deteriorating the situation along with the conventional borderline.

Despite challenges and differing perspectives, the successful resolution of the four non-enclave villages issue sets a positive precedent for future negotiations between Baku and Yerevan and highlights the potential for bilateral cooperation to address broader regional issues and pave the way for lasting peace and stability in the region.

Armenia’s move also marks a significant development in the ongoing efforts to resolve the longstanding conflict between the two nations, offering a glimpse of hope that Armenia may be gradually shifting away from aggressive and chauvinistic euphoria, signaling a growing acceptance of the need for peaceful coexistence and mutual respect among neighboring nations.

Azerbaijan has highlighted the importance of this event, emphasizing the significance of direct negotiations between Baku and Yerevan without external mediation. The accord is the result of consistent and patient diplomacy, coupled with Azerbaijan's resilience against external pressure. The return of the villages not only marks the beginning of the process of defining the border but also sets a positive precedent for future negotiations on other aspects of the conflict.

Overall, the agreement not only signifies progress towards resolving the conflict but also sets the stage for constructive dialog and cooperation between the arch-enemies, demonstrating a shared commitment to finding peaceful solutions and laying the groundwork for a more stable and prosperous future for the entire South Caucasus region.

Significance of the deal

The recent decision by Armenia to voluntarily return the four non-exclave villages to Azerbaijan and initiate the demarcation and delimitation of borders in the western segment of the over 1,000-km-long border marks a historic turning point in the relations between the two countries.

This move reflects a significant shift in Armenia's approach and a willingness to engage constructively in resolving the longstanding conflict. The decision to return the villages and embark on border demarcation not only prevents another potential flare-up of violence but also signals a commitment to peaceful coexistence and stability in the region.

Despite the presence of ill-wishers who may seek to disrupt the process, the willingness of both Azerbaijan and Armenia to move forward with this initiative demonstrates a shared recognition of the importance of dialog and diplomacy in resolving disputes.

Many observers believe that while the delimitation process may take time to complete, the absence of clashes during this period is crucial for maintaining peace and fostering trust between Baku and Yerevan.

Additionally, the gradual progress in border demarcation could pave the way for broader regional cooperation, including the potential opening of strategic corridors such as the Middle Corridor or the Zangazur Corridor.

The opening of these corridors, particularly the Zangazur Corridor linking mainland Azerbaijan to Nakhchivan via southern Armenia, is to be conducive to economic development, enhance regional connectivity, facilitate trade, and contribute to the overall development and stability of the South Caucasus region.

External reactions to the deal

The global acknowledgment of this agreement, with leaders from around the world recognizing the successful result of the negotiations, signifies the ability to overcome potential challenges. It highlights the parties’ adherence to the administrative line of the borders established at the dissolution of the USSR, providing a framework for further negotiations on delimitation.

However, the lack of so far any response from Russia and Iran, despite their regional historical roles, raises questions about their stance on the agreement. While certain Western nations support the deal, the lack of response from regional powers underscores the complexities and sensitivities surrounding Armenia’s long-standing territorial claims to Azerbaijan.

The agreement has elicited varied responses from international actors, particularly the USA, EU, Turkey, and others who have lauded the agreement as a positive step towards peace and stability in the South Caucasus region, however, the lack of reactions from Russia and Iran remain ambiguous.

The absence of official reactions from Moscow and Tehran has sparked speculation in political circles regarding their perspectives on the agreement. Both Russia and Iran have historically asserted the importance of regional autonomy in resolving conflicts, without external intervention. However, their silence may indicate concerns about potential shifts in power dynamics in the region.

Pundits say Russia and Iran view the agreement with apprehension, as it could diminish their influence in the South Caucasus. The prospect of reduced Russian presence, particularly in Tavush region as hinted by Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, suggests a potential reconfiguration of power dynamics.

Iran, in particular, has expressed reservations about the implications of the agreement on the balance of power in the region. Iranian Ambassador Mehdi Sobhani's concerns reflect Tehran's apprehension towards Azerbaijan's growing strength and its potential impact on Armenia's occupation of Azerbaijani territories.

Iran's stance underscores its vested interest in maintaining the previous status quo in the South Caucasus. However, recent developments signal a shift away from this equilibrium, challenging Iran's strategic calculations in the region.

In summary, while the agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia signifies a positive step towards peace, it also introduces complexities in regional dynamics, particularly concerning the interests of Russia and Iran. As the situation evolves, it remains to be seen how these key players will navigate the shifting landscape of the South Caucasus.